Educational Instruments

Product Details:

DGM-102 operates on the principle of Hall Effect in Semiconductors. A semiconductor carrying current develops and electromotive force, when placed in a magnetic field, in a direction perpendicular to the direction of both electric current and magnetic field. The magnitude of this e.m.f. is proportional to the field intensity, if the current is kept constant. This e.m.f. is called the Hall Voltage. The small Hall Voltage is amplified through a high stability amplifier so that a millivoltmeter connected at the output of the amplifier can be calibrated directly in magnetic field unit (gauss).

 

Applications:

Wide application in industry where accurate measurements of magnetic field is required. Measurement of steady magnetic field e.g. in loud speakers, dynamos, moving coil instruments etc. Useful in laboratory experiments involving electromagnets.

Other Details:

• Mag. Field Measurement
• Excellent Linearity
• IC Controlled Circuit
• Excellent Stability

 

Product Details:

Specifications:
(a) Hall Probe (Ge Crystal);

• Material: Ge single crystal n or p-type
• Resistivity: 8-10 Ωcm.
• Contacts: Spring type (solid silver)
• Zero-field potential:<1mV (adjustable)
• Hall Voltage: 35-60mV/10mA/KG

 

(b) Hall Probe (InAs)

• Contacts: Soldered
• Rated Control Current: 4mA
• Zero Field Potential:<4mV
• Linearity (0-20KG): ±0.5% or better
• Hall Voltage: 60-70mV/4mA/KG

 

Hall Effect Set-up (Digital), DHE-21

DHE-21 is a high performance instrument of outstanding flexibility. The set-up consists of a digital millivoltmeter and a constant current power supply. The Hall voltage and probe current can be read on the same digital panel meter through a selector switch. It consists of the following:

 

(i) Digital Microvoltmeter:

• Range: 0-200mV (Resolutio 100μV)
• Accuracy: ±0.1% of reading ±1 digit
• Impedance: 1Mohm
• Display: 3½ digit, 7segment LED

 

(ii) Constant Current Generator:

• Current: 0-20mA (Resolution 10μA)
• Display: 3½ digit, 7segment LED
• Accuracy: 0.25%; ±1 digit
• Load regulation: 0.03% for 0 to full load
• Line regulation: 0.05% for 10% variation

Product Details:

Measurement of Magnetoresistance of Semiconductors

It is noticed that the resistance of the sample changes when the magnetic field is turned on. The phenomenon, called magnetoresistance, is due to the fact that the drift velocity of all carriers is not same. With the magnetic field on; the Hall voltage V=E t=|vx y H| compensates exactly the Lorentz force for carriers with the average velocity; slower carriers will be over compensated and faster one under compensated, resulting in trajectories that are not along the applied field. This results in an effective decrease of the mean free path and hence an increase in resistivity. Here the above referred symbols are defines as: v = drift velocity; E = applied electric field; t = thickness of the crystal; H = Magnetic field.

 

Experimentental Set-up for Magnetoresistance

The set-up consists of the following:

1. Four probe arrangement

2. Sample: (Ge: p-type)

3. Magnetoresistance set-up, DMR-01

4. Electromagnet, EMU-50V

5. Constant Current Power Supply, DPS-50

6. Digital Gaussmeter, DGM-102

 

(1) Four Probe arrangement°

It consists of 4 collinear, equally spaced (2mm) and individually spring loaded probes mounted on a PCB strip. Two outer probes forsupplying the constant current to the sample and two inner probesfor measuring the voltage developed across these probes This eliminates the error due to contact resistance which is particularlyserious in semiconductors. A platform is also provided for placing thesample and mounting the Four Probes on It.

 

(2) Sample

Ge Crystal (n-type) dimensions: 10 x 10 x 0.5mm.

(3) Magnetoresistance Set-up, Model DMR-01

This unit consists of a digital millivoltmeter and constant current power supply The voltage and probe current can be read on the same digital panel meter through a selector switch.

 

(a) Digital Millivoltmeter

lntersil 3½ digit single chip ICL 7107 have been used. Since the use of internal reference causes the degradation in performance due to internal heating an external reference have been used. Digital voltmeter is much more convenient to use, because the input voltage of either polarity can be measured.

 

Specifications:

• Range : 0-200mV (100μV minimum)
• Accuracy : ±0.1% of reading ± 1 digit

 

(b) Constant Current Power Supply

This power supply, specially designed for Hall Probe, provides 100% protection against crystal burn-out due to excessive current. The supply is a highly regulated and practically ripple free dc source.

 

Specifications

• Current : 0-20mA
• Resolution : 10μA
• Accuracy : ±0.2% of the reading ±1 digit
• Load regulated : 0.03% for 0 to full load
• Line regulation : 0.05% for 10% variation

The details of other sub-units can be had from their respective data-sheets.

 

g) Gaussmeter, DGM-202

Product Details:

Digital Nanoammeter, DNM-121, a rugged and low cost instrument, is a product of extensive R&D using high input impedance integrated circuits. It has 4 decade ranges with 100% overranging. The unit is suitable for current measurement in the range of 100pA to 200μA. For the ease, readings are directly obtained on a 3½ digit DPM. The instrument is capable of accepting either polarity of the input current. The very low leakage current of the input stage combined with the high linearity fast response due to high negative feedback enables accurate and easily reproducible measurements. The instrument uses a FET input operational amplifier that offers the very low input bias current, low offset voltage, low drift and noise. These characteristics have been fully utilized in the present Nanoammeter. This operational amplifier is used in low level current to voltage configuration.

 

Applications:

• To measure current from photomultiplier tubes, photometer etc.
• Leakage currents in solid state devices. FET gate and tube grid voltages without loading errors.
• Current through very high resistance in conjunction with a power supply.
• Potentials across semiconductors, piezoelectric systems & pH electrodes.

Other Details:

• Measures current down to 100pA
• All solid state and IC design
• Accepts either polarity of input current

Product Details:

We are counted among the leading manufacturers and suppliers of best quality Resistance Box. Offered boxes are manufactured in compliance with industry laid norms and specifications under proper guidance. Known for their durability, easy installation, lighter weight and cost-effectiveness, these boxes are highly demanded by our clients. 

Features :

• Robust construction
• Long lasting
• Accurate dimensions

Product Details:

Three probe arrangements are provided with the setup. For solids, two different size arrangements are given, one for 10mm sample pellets and the other for 50mm sample pellets. Both consist of parallel plates set in insulated medium. Sturdy parallel wire lead is used to minimize external disturbance.

For liquids a separate arrangement is provided consisting of two polished brass cylinders fixed coaxially with insulating gaskets at the two ends. These gaskets have holes, in the lower one for allowing the experimental liquid to flow in between the cylinders, and in the upper one for communication with the atmosphere. This arrangement is mounted vertically and can be moved up and down with a rack-and-pinion set-up. It is put in a vessel containing the experimental liquid. The outer surface of the outer cylinder has a vertical scale to measure the height of the liquid within the cylinders. Proper leads are provided for connection to the Capacitance Meter.

Samples
Glass, Bakelite, Teflon, PZT Sample (Lead Titanate), Carbon Tetrachloride Liquid

Digital Capacitance Meter
This is a compact direct reading microcontroller based high resolution instrument for the measurement of capacitance of the sample.

Product Details:

The experiment consists of two coils, Constant Current Power Supply and Gaussmeter. The Gaussmeter probe is mounted on a rail with a scale. It can move smoothly and precisely for measurement of magnetic field along the centre of the coils.

The following studies on Biot Savart’s law can be carried out with the set-up:

1. Study of magnetic field due to one coil and calculation of its diameter.

2. Study of Principal of super-imposition of magnetic field due to 2 coils by keeping the distance between the coils at a, >a and

3. Variation of magnetic field with number of turns in the coil.

Legend:

• Line 1 - Magnetic Profile when the distance between the coils is >a
• Line 2 - Magnetic Profile when the distance between coils is =a
• Line 3 - Magnetic Profile when the distance between coils is

Appratus consists of the following:

1. Digital Gaussmeter

• Range: 0-200
• Resolution: 0.1G
• Accuracy: + 0.5%
• Display: 3½ digit 7 segment LED with autopolarity.

 

2. Two Coil

• Diameter: 200mm
• Number of turn: 1000

 

3. Constant Current Power Supply

• Current: 0-0.5A Smoothly adjustable
• Line Regulato  0.2%for 10% mains variation.
• Load Regulator:  0.2 % for 0 to full load
• Display: 3½ digit 7 Segment LED Display
• Protection: Against overload/ short current.

Product Details:

Study of Dielectric Constant and Curie Temperature of Ferroelectric Ceramics

 

Dielectric or electrical insulating material are understood as the material in which electrostic field can persist for long times. Layers of such substance are commonly inserted into capacitors to improve their perfomance, and the term dielectric refers specifically to this application. An electric field polarizes the molecules of dielectric producing concentrations of charge on its surface that create an electric field opposed (antiparallel) to that of capacitor. This reduces the electric potential. Considered in reverse, this means that, with a dielectric, a given electric potential causes the capacitor to accumulate a larger charge.

 

Applications

Beside the common and well known application of capacitors in electrical and electronic circuits, the capacitors with an exposed and porous dielectric can be used to measure humidity in air.

A huge leap in the research on dielectric (ferroelectric materials) came in 1950’s, leading to the wide spread use of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3-Perovskite Structure) based ceramics in capacitor applications and piezoelectric transducer devices. Since then, many other ferroelectric ceramics have been developed and utilized for variety of applications: various type of capacitors, non volatile memories in computers, etc.

 

Perovskite Structure

Perovskite is family name of a group of materials and the mineral name of calcium titanate (CaTiO3) having a structure of the type ABO3 (Fig 1)

 

A practical advantage of perovskite structure is that many different cations can be substituted on both A and B sites without changing the over all structure. Even though two cations are compatible in solution, their behaviour can be radically different when apart from each other. Thus it is possible to manipulate material’s properties such as Curie temperature or dielectric constant with only a small substitution of given cation.

 

All ferroelectric material have a transition called the Curie point (Tc). At T>Tc, the crystal does not exhibit ferroelectricity, while for T

 

Fig 2 shows the variation of dielectric constant (e) with temperature for Lanthanum doped Lead Zirconate Titanate (PLZT) ceramic, which is cooled from its paraelectric cubic phase to ferroelectric rhombohedral phase.

Product Details:

Probes Arrangement

It has two individually spring loaded probes. The probes arrangement is mounted in a suitable stand of high quality alumina which also holds the sample plate. To ensure the correct measurement of sample temperature, the thermocouple junction is embedded in the sample plate just below the sample. This stand also serves as the lid of temperature controlled oven.

 

Proper leads are provided for connection to Capacitance Meter and Temperature Controller.

 

Sample

• Modified lead titanate (test sample)

 

Oven

• This is a high quality temperature controlled oven. The heating element used is a high grade Kanthal-D. It is cover. Further the top portion is also suitably covered to meet the safety standard. The oven has been designed for fast heating and cooling rates, which enhances the effectiveness of the controller.

 

Main Units

• The Set-up consists of two units housed in the same cabinet.

 

(i) Temperature Controller

• It is a high quality PID controller where the temperatures can be set and controlled easily. P, I and D can be adjusted by the user and can also be kept on Auto-tuning.

Features:

• LCD Display
• Data - Hold Switch (HOLD)
• Cx+, Cx - Input Jack
• Back Light Button Switch
• Rotary Switch: Use this switch to select functions and ranges
• Wide measuring range, covering 9 measuring sections from 0.1pf to 20,000μF that includes nominal value of any capacitance
• Power: One 9V battery

Product Details:

The unit is a high quality PID controller wherein the temperatures can be set and controlled easily. The P, I and D parameters are factory set for immediate use however the user may adjust these for specific applications as well as auto-tune the oven whenever required. The steps for these are given in the user manual. The controller can be used for both small oven, up to 200°C or a larger oven up to 600°C. The controller uses thermocouple as temperature sensor.

Product Details:

Product Details:

This is a very versatile multipurpose equipment for the measurement of low dc currents. It has 6 decade ranges with 100% over-ranging from 10-9A to 10-4A. For the ease, readings are directly obtained on a 3½ digit DPM. The instrument uses a well designed precision FET input electrometer operational amplifier AD549, which offers the lowest input bias currents (50fA with ±5V supplies) available in any standard operational amplifier. The excellent characteristics of AD549, ultra low bias current, low offset voltage, low drift and low noise have been fully utilized to obtain best results in the present picoammeter. The first operational amplifier AD549 is used in low level current to voltage configuration and the output has been directly read on a 3½ digit panel meter. The instrument is capable of accepting either polarity of the input current. Well regulated power supplies are incorporated to use the instrument upto 10% changes in a.c. main’s voltage.

 

Applications:

• Current from Photomultiplier tubes, Photometers etc.
• Leakage currents in solid state devices.
• FET gate and tube grid-voltage without loading errors
• Current through very high resistance’s in conjunction with a power supply

Product Details:

Introduction

Digital Microvoltmeter, DMV-001 is a veryversatile multipurpose instrument for the measurement of low dc voltage. It has 5 decade ranges from 1mV to 10V with 100% overranging.

For better accuracy and convenience, readings are directly obtained on 3½ digit DPM (Digital Panel Meter). This instrument uses a very well designed chopper stabilized IC ampli er. This ampli er offers exceptionally low offset voltage and input bias parameters, combined with excellent speed characteristics. Filter circuit is provided to reduce the line pickups of 50Hz. All internal power supplies are IC regulated.

 

Applications

• DC voltage measurements from high impedance sources; output of photomultiplier tubes, photo cells, radiation detector etc.
• Very low voltage measurement, direct measurement of thermocouple output to read temperatures with a resolution of 1/40th of a degree (Chromel-Alumel).
• General purpose laboratory instrument for voltages upto 19.99VDC. (Hall Effect, Four Probe, Thermoluminescence, Transistor and Diode characteristics etc.).

Other Details:

• Very low temperature drift
• Low dc input bias current-10pA
• Measures voltage down to 1μV
• Automatic polarity indication
• Built-in polarity indication
• Recorder facility (optional)

Product Details:

“RAI” MODEL:-55X-DMB Decade Megohm Box has been designed for the Testing and calibration of insulation testers at voltages of up to 5000V DC, the MODEL:-55X-DMB high resistance decade boxes provides up to 8 decades. These decade resistance boxes are housed in Pelican (USA) Black Color portable box with carrying handles to provide an ideal solution to on-site and laboratory calibration of high resistance insulation testers, Meggers, Insulation Bridges, Megohm Meters, Digital Meters and components comparison. The resistance range is offered from 100K ohm to 10 Teraohm distributed over Eight Decades.

Features:-

• Excellent reproducibility for efficient calibration.
• Good engineering characteristics.
• Pelican(USA) Black Color portable box with carrying handles.
• Resistance calibration standards
• Smooth & Rugged switches
• Very high grade resistors employed.
• Hermetically sealed

Product Details:

ACM-102: True RMS A.C. Millivoltmeter, ACM-102 is based on AD536. This is a completely monolithic integrated circuit which performs true rms-to-dc conversion of any waveform. The true rms value of a waveform is more useful quantity than average rectified value, since it relates directly to the power of the signal. The crest factor compensation scheme of the AD536 allows measurement of highly complex signals with wide dynamic range. The crest factor is often overlooked in determining the accuracy of an ac measurement. Crest factor is defined as the ratio of the peak signal amplitude to the rms value of the signal (C.F.=Vp/Vrms). Input signal is appropriately processed through a FET input wide band, extremely fast settling time, low noise amplifier.

 

ACM-103: In model ACM-103 besides all features of ACM-102, an IC based 1KHz oscillator followed by a buffer, is in-built. This eliminate the need of an external oscillator for purpose, such as determination of h-parameters of a transistor, bridge measurement etc., where spot frequency of 1KHz is most commonly used.

Other Details:

• Measures True RMS Voltage
• Accuracy 1%
• High Input Impedance
• High Stablility
• Excellent Linearity

 

Product Details:

Resistivity of Semiconductor by Four Probe Method at different temperatures and determination of the band-gap

 

The Four Probe Method is one of the standard and most widely used method for the measurement of resistivity. In its useful form, the four probes are collinear. The error due to contact resistance, which is significant in the electrical measurement on semiconductors, is avoided by the use of two extra contacts (probes) between the current contacts. In this arrangement the contact resistance may all be high compare to the sample resistance, but as long as the resistance of the sample and contact resistance's are small compared with the effective resistance of the voltage measuring device (potentiometer, electrometer or electronic voltmeter), the measured value will remain unaffected. Because of pressure contacts, the arrangement is also specially useful for quick measurement on different samples or sampling different parts of the sample.

 

Description of the experimental set-up

1. Probes Arrangement

It has four individually spring loaded probes. The probes are collinear and equally spaced. The probes are mounted in a teflon bush, which ensure a good electrical insulation between the probes. A teflon spacer near the tips is also provided to keep the probes at equal distance. The probe arrangement is mounted in a suitable stand, which also hold the sample plate. To ensure the correct measurement of sample temperature, the RTD is enbeded in the sample plate just below the sample. This stand also serves as the lid of temperature controlled oven. Proper leads are provided for the current and voltage measurement.

 

2. SAMPLE

Germanium crystal in the form of a chip.

 

3. OVEN

This is high quality temperature controlled oven suitable for Four Probe Set-up. The oven has been designed for fast heating and cooling rates, which enhances the effectiveness of the controller.

 

4. FOUR PROBE SET-UP, DFP-03

The set-up consists of three units housed in the same cabinet.

 

(i) Oven Controller

Platinum RTD (A class) has been used for sensing the temperature. A wheatstone bridge and an instrumentation amplifier are used for signal conditioning. Feedback circuit ensures offset and linearity trimming and a fast accurate control of the oven temperature.

 

Specifications of the Oven

• Temperature Range : Ambient to 473K
• Resolution : 1K
• Stability : +0.5K
• Measurement Accuracy :+1K(Typical)
• Oven : Specially designed for Four Probe Set-Up
• Sensor : RTD (A class)
• Display : 31/2 digit, 7 segment LED with autopolarity and decimal indication
• Power : 150W

 

(i) Multirange Digital Voltmeter

In this unit, intersil 3½ digit single chip A/D Converter ICL 7107 has been used. It has accuracy, auto zero to less than 10 μV, zero drift-less than 1 μV/ °C, input bias current of 10 pA and roll over error of less than one count. Since the use of internal reference causes the degradation in performance due to internal heating, an external reference has been used.

Product Details:

The Four Probe Method is one of the standard and most widely used method for the measurement of resistivity of semiconductors. The experimental arrangement is illustrated. In its useful form, the four probes are collinear. The error due to contact resistance, which is specially serious in the electrical measurement on semiconductors, is avoided by the use of two extra contacts (probes) between the current contacts. In this arrangement the contact resistance may all be high compare to the sample resistance, but as long as the resistance of the sample and contact resistances are small compared with the effective resistance of the voltage measuring device (potentiometer, electrometer or electronic voltmeter), the measured value will remain unaffected. Because of pressure contacts, the arrangement is also specially useful for quick measurement on different samples or sampling different parts of the same sample.

 

Description of the experimental set-up

1. Probes Arrangement
It has four individually spring loaded probes. The probes are collinear and equally spaced. The probes are mounted in a teflon bush, which ensure a good electrical insulation between the probes.

 

A teflon spacer near the tips is also provided to keep the probes at equal distance. The whole – arrangement is mounted on a suitable stand and leads are provided for the voltage measurement.

 

2. Sample
Germanium crystal in the form of a chip

 

3. Oven
It is a small oven for the variation of temperature of the crystal from the room temperature to about 200°C (max.)

 

4. Four Probe Set-up, DFP-02
The set-up consists of three units in the same cabinet.

 

(i) Multirange Digital Voltmeter
In this unit, intersil 3½ digit single chip A/D Converter ICL 7107 has been used. It has high accuracy like auto zero to less than 10μV, zero drift of less than 1μV/ °C, input bias current of 10pA max. and roll-over error of less than one count. Since the use of internal reference causes the degradation in performance due to internal heating, an external reference has been used.

 

Specifications:

• Range X1 (0-200mV) & X10 (0-2V)
• Resolution 100μV at X1 range
• Accuracy ±0.1% of reading ±1 digit
• Impedance 1MW
• Display 3½ digit, 7 segment LED (12.5mm height) with auto polarity and decimal indication Overload Indicator Sign of 1 on the left & blanking of other digits

 

(ii) Constant Current Generator
It is an IC regulated current generator to provide a constant current to the outer probes irrespective of the changing resistance of the sample due to change in temperatures. The basic scheme is to use the feedback principle to limit the load current of the supply to preset maximum value. Variations in the current are achieved by a potentiometer included for that purpose. The supply is a highly regulated and practically ripple free d.c. source. The current is measured by the digital panel meter.

 

Specifications:

• Open Circuit Voltage : 18V
• Current range : 0-20mA
• Resolution : 10μA
• Accuracy: ±0.25% of the reading ±1 digit
• Load regulation: 0.03% for 0 to full load
• Line Regulation: 0.05% for 10% changes

 

(iii) Oven Power Supply
Suitable voltage for the oven is obtained through a step down transformer with a provision for low and high rates of heating. A glowing LED indicates, when the oven power supply is ‘ON’. The experimental set-upis complete in all respect.

Product Details:

We are instrumental in manufacturing, trading, exporting, supplying and distributing Noise Dosimeter that find a major application in perform OSHA and IEC noise accumulation surveys. Manufactured in compliance with the predefined industry guidelines, these supreme functionality and easy to use dosimeters are highly popular.

Features:

• Reliable performance
• Tough construction
• Efficient

Product Details:

The apparatus consists of the following:

a) Hall Probe-Silver (HP-Ag):

• Material: Silver Strip (8 x 6 x 0.05 mm)
• Contacts: Press type for current
• Spring Type for Voltage
• Hall Voltage: ~17 µV/10A/10KG

 

b) Hall Probe-Tungsten (HP-W):

• Material: Tungsten Strip (8 x 6 x 0.05 mm)
• Contacts: Press type for current
• Spring Type for Voltage
• Hall Voltage: ~15 µV/10A/10KG

 

c) High Current Power Supply, PS-20A: 

• Range: 0-20A continuously variable
• Accuracy: ±0.5%
• Regulation: ±0.5% for ±10% variation of mains
• Display: 3½ digit, 7 Segment LED

 

 

d) Digital Microvoltmeter, DMV-001:

• Range: 1mV, 10mV, 100mV, 1V & 10V with 100% over-ranging.
• Resolution: 1μV.
• Accuracy: ±0.2%.
• Stability: Within ±1 digit.
• Input Impedance: >1000MΩ (10MΩ on 10V range).
• Display: 3½ digit, 7 segment LED with auto. Polarity and decimal indication

 

e) Electromagnet, Model EMU-75T:

• Pole Pieces: 75mm tappered to 25mm
• Mag. Field: 17KG ±5% at 10mm airgap
• Energising Coils: Two of approx. 13W each
• Power: 0-90Vdc, 3A, for coils in series, 0-45Vdc, 6A, for coils in parallel

 

f) Constant Current Power Supply, Model DPS-175 

Product Details:

Experimentental Set-up for Zeeman

 

Experiment

The set-up consists of the following:

• High Resolution Fabry Perot Etalon, FP-01
• Mercury Discharge Tube, MT-01 (Low Pressure Mercury Discharge Tube)
• Power Supply for MT-01, ZPS-02 (High Voltage Power Supply for Discharge Tube)
• Narrow Band Interference Filter, IF-01

1. Central Wave Length: 546nm
2. max: 74%
3. HBW: 8nm

• Polarizer with lens, PL-01
• Optical Bench: OB-01
• CCD Camera: CAM-700 (High Resolution CCD Camera)
• Telescope with Focussing Lens: FL-01
• Monitor 17”: TV-17
• Electromagnet, EMU-50T (Specifications as per datasheet)
• Constant Current Power Supply, DPS-50 (Specifications as per datasheet)
• Digital Gaussmeter, DGM-102 (Specifications as per datasheet) The experimental set-up is complete in all respect.

Product Details:

We are offering Single Cylinder Engine - Car Model - Aluminum Alloy.

Product Details:

Banking on the skills of our qualified team of professionals, we are instrumental in offering a supreme quality range of Photocolor Meter.

Product Specification

Standard accessories

• 12.5 mm Round Test Tube - 5 Nos
• Test Tube Holder 1 No
• Operating Manual

Features:

• The series Advantage here of using LED based Filter instead of Glass Filters is the long life of Leds and also the selection Procedure of Wavelength are based on latest LED technology
• Built in 8 Digital Filters 30,000 Hours Life
• The instruments measures both Absorbance and % Transmittance It can be used in the 405 - 700 mm wavelength range as it has a digital fitters of wavelength 405, 450, 480, 520, 578, 620 and 700 nm

Product Details:

We are offering Boiler Level Switches to our clients. We provide high-quality products to our clients.

Features

• Smooth surface
• Better working

 

Product Details:

It is an essential device for any precision study of the mandible.

It also helps to assess:

• By its horizontal scales, the length of the horizontal branch
• By its vertical scales, the height of the ramus
• By its rapporteur, the angle of the two branches

Additional Information:

• Delivery Time: 1 week

Product Details:

We are offering Electro Deionizer to our client.

 

Product Details:

With the help of skilled professionals and good knowledgeable experience, we are involved in supplying, exporting and manufacturing quality-assured spectrum of Thermolumniscence Irradiation Unit in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
Experiment:

• Microcontroller based menu driven
• Cost effective solution
• No radiation hazard
• High quality double stage rotary pump
• Long life tesla coil
• Fully self contained

Study of Thermoluminescence in alkali halide crystals need creation of F-centres (colour centres) in alkali halide crystals. To produce the F-centres, the crystals are exposed to ionizing radiation which in turn causes the loss of electron from halide ions. An electron then becomes trapped in the halide ion vacancy. The color is the result of the absorption of a photon by the trapped electron and excitation from the ground state to an excited state for the F-center. This is a classic case of particle in a box. 
The source of ionizing radiation could be X-rays, electrons, gamma rays etc. These techniques are too Expensive and unaffordable for normal laboratories. Another method, although little less efficient, is by keeping Alkali halide crystals under low pressure, in the proximity of high Voltage. This in turn produces F-centres in the crystals.
This later technique has been adopted in this set up to make it economical and affordable for all laboratories. The setup is complete in itself and can be used straight away.

Product Details:

We manufacture an excellent quality Air Velocity Transducer. These transducer are useful for Air velocity measurement in Air or non combustible gases. Air Velocity Transducers are ideal for both temporary and permanent installations for air velocity measurements in research and development labs, manufacturing processes, and other applications.

Features:

• Long working life
• High efficiency
• Durable finish standard

Additional Information:

• Delivery Time: 1-2 week